Mode Of Design Art Therapy - 967 Words

Mode of Design Although art therapy is a new practice in psychotherapy, art has always been a form of communication since the beginning of the human history. Evidence is found from the finding 40,000 years ago during the Aurignacian period, on a cave painting found in EL Castillo Cave, Cantabria Spain. Since then, art had become an instrument for self-expression and symbolism. However, it was not until the 1940’s that the therapeutic use of art was then define and develop into a distinct discipline. Though this discipline had only arose independently in America and Europe. Andrew Hill was the first person to refer the therapeutic application of art as therapy in England. The question of â€Å"Is Art Therapeutic?† came into my mind after reading the book â€Å"Art as Therapy† by Alain De Botton. Alain suggested that every piece of art has a purpose, and he had classified the artwork in to seven categories by their purpose to the audience: Remembering, Hope, Sorrow, Rebalancing, Growth and Appreciation. Whilst taking this in mind, I questioned about if the existence in art therapy under psychotherapy that â€Å"Is Art Therapeutic?† Thus, with the recent trend in adult coloring book had brought my attention in questioning â€Å"Why are adult coloring book so popular?† â€Å"Do they really de-stress you?† â€Å"If so, why? How?† which initially I started to research into art therapy and the aspect of questioning â€Å"Is Art therapeutic?† Design rational To me I always wonder about the effect of art beingShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Animal Assisted Therapy On The Well Being Of Residents At A Long Term Care1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of â€Å"Animal-assisted Therapy† on the well-being of Residents at a Long-Term Care. 999735559 University of Toronto PSYB01 Professor Nagy July 20, 2015 This study was inspired by â€Å"Ace† the therapy dog Abstract The rationale for this study is developed through personal experience of the researcher at Baycrest and review of past and current research relating to this study. This study looks upon the effect of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on the psychophysical well-beingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1651 Words   |  7 Pages Modernism is a philosophical movement that came along with cultural trends and changes. It is an international movement in European and American art, literature, and culture. It started from wide scale and far reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. World War 1 is often seen as a starting event of Modernism. The devastation of Western Civilization in the great war accelerated and strengthened Modernist thinking. Modernism was the most influentialRead MoreDefinition of Research1639 Words   |  7 Pagesstatement focused on a more localized problem while explaining how the research product could benefit a national audience can be successful.   * TRANSPORTATION MODE OR TOPIC - If your research focuses on a specific mode of transportation, your decision about the funding source may be simplified, because many research programs focus on such modes. If, on the other hand, your research need focuses on policy, administration, or other non-modal transportation issues, the appropriate program may be less clearRead MoreArt Therapy Essay2790 Words   |  12 PagesWhat Is Art Therapy? Most forms of therapy are centered on verbal communication. Art therapy, however, breaks that mold and introduces a more creative means of both communicating ideas and learning to grow. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as: Art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awarenessRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Living with Cystic Fibrosis1212 Words   |  5 Pagesmulti-disciplinary approach with frequent clinical visits, physiotherapy to improve lung function and nutritional therapy that prevents malnutrition of pancreatic insufficiency and manages CF-related diabetes (Colomboa and Littlewood 2011, Cystic Fibrosis Trust 2011, Kerem et al. 2005) CF multi-disciplinary team also undertakes clinical research of the condition, where new treatment and therapies are constantly exploring, becoming more effective. In the clinic whilst the patients wait to be seen by medicalRead MoreA Brief Note On Who S Afraid Of The Frankenstein Monster?3451 Words   |  14 Pagesrendering our bodies not so much obsolete as outside the scope of the relevant discussion of what a body is for the modern human being. Without using the term â€Å"transhumanism† too lightly, this essay will attempt to address the changes in attitudes towards design of space that accommodates for these new augmented bodies of the 21st century. More often than not, even the most superficial examination into the subject of transhumanism will introduce the term â€Å"cyborg† into the discussion. This child of organic/machinicRead MoreHuman Resource Management in Mang Inasal6084 Words   |  25 Pagesmore satisfying modes of treatment and care than are provided by mainline Western models of health care. It signals a need to attend to what alternative medicine offers patients. A focus on the mind-body relationship, elusive yet central to human nature, is appropriately a research subject for both scientific medicine and medical myths and quack practices (1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With time constraints dictated by managed care initiatives, client demands, and movement toward brief therapy, growing numberRead MoreAulani Marketing Report3654 Words   |  15 PagesImagineers worked together with Hawaiian locals to create Aulani, made it a perfect and enjoyable vacation destination for family with all ages and different sizes. Guests can celebrate Hawaiian culture, traditions and history from contemporary Hawaiian art featured throughout the Resort, to myriad recreational activities, culinary programs, excursions and more, being immersed in the legends of the island and experiencing the true enchantment of Hawaii. The needs of guests are promised to always be assuredRead MorePhenomenological: Qualitative Research and Research Methodology9542 Words   |  39 Pagesphenomena such as psychotherapeutic change are particularly evident when attempting to examine psychotherapeutic interventions such as ‘art therapyâ₠¬â„¢. Art therapy involves the use of art images as symbolic communications in therapy. These images may reveal unconscious meaning systems that are inexpressible in words. Although an emotional experience in art therapy may be profound and life changing, it is not always immediately accessible or recognisable to the client on a conscious or cognitive levelRead MoreThe Importance of Philosophy to Engineering8110 Words   |  33 Pagesmachines, products, systems, and processes for the benefit of humankind.6 The upshot of philosophical attacks would be to replace this traditional self-understanding with one that might read more like the following: Engineering is the scientific art by which a particular group of human beings destroys nature and pollutes the world in ways that are useless or harmful to human life.7 Insofar as they have become aware of such attacks - and to understand and defend against them - philosophy is crucial

A History A Shameful History Essay - 1452 Words

Sara Kramme History 111 Professor Riffel December 4, 2015 A Shameful History The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude as the chattel of another, or one that is completely passive to a dominating influence. The most well-known cases of slavery occurred during the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. Slavery abolitionists attempted to end slavery, which at some point; they were successful at doing so. In a quote by Fredrick Douglas, â€Å"A battle lost or won is easily described, understood, and appreciated, but the moral growth of a great nation requires reflection, as well as observation, to appreciate it.† Throughout history many things have happened that were by many thought to be unconscionable. Yet, the people who were putting their mark of unacceptance upon those committing these crimes, who thought them to be deplorable acts, were unaware of the actual situations, and in many cases, committing the same acts themselves. Indentured servitude was born nearly a decade after the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, when settlers began to realize that they had so much land and no one to care for it. As the need for cheap labor increased, a system was developed to attract workers for less money. Typically, these â€Å"servants† worked four to seven years in exchange for passage, room, board, lodging, and freedom dues. Although not technically seen as slavery, a life in indentured servitude wasShow MoreRelatedThe poorly-planned withdrawal of the British from its Indian ‘colony left close to one million600 Words   |  3 Pagesleft close to one million people dead and created chaos, hatred and violence that lasted over 50 years and forced Winston Churchill to condemn it as the ‘shameful flight. These historical events complicated the histories of India, Britain and Pakistan because of the ill-informed partition program carried out by British authorities. The Shameful Flight covers the periods between the fal l of Singapore to the Japanese in February 1942 and Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. In this book, WolpertsRead MoreChristian Morality Has Become A Tale Of Shame930 Words   |  4 Pagesto subscribe to the lies presented by Christian priests. Nietzsche’s claim that the origin of Christianity is shameful should in theory give power to his argument. But, if the concept is widely accepted, is it truly shameful, and does the shameful origins matter? Further if he has no evidence as to how it became accepted – his claims become difficult to accept. Is history truly shameful? With limited evidence it is hard to decide. If he explained with more throughough evidence how the story gainedRead MoreGerman History Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesMost would agree that it is valuable to acknowledge history, whether it be through documentation, education, or architectural preservation. However, history can be complex and ugly, stained by war, genocide, and destruction. There in lies a philosophical controversy: should these historical â€Å"stains† be acknowledged or buried? What role do these ugly histories have in the development of a society? Within the last century, no nation has been forced to confront these questions on the same scale thatRead MoreLasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture Essay766 Words   |  4 Pagesidea to bring African natives overseas to America and use them as slaves. The white man was higher up than the black man in society at the time because of the color of his skin. Americans consider this the biggest blight on our history. The shame of this period in our history still continues today for many whites, but many blacks still feel angry and oppressed. With the election of our first black president, we are really showing how anything is possible here in America and that it doesn’t matter whatRead MoreI Call For Remembrance, By Toyo Suyemoto1444 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry in Toyo Suyemotoâ⠂¬â„¢s Memoir, I Call to Remembrance As we, Americans, look back on our country’s history, there are many proud moments, but there are other moments that we can all admit are a bit shameful. One of these shameful moments in American history is the Japanese internment during World War II. This time in history can be revisited in Toyo Suyemoto’s memoir, I Call to Remembrance of her and her family’s time in an internment camp during the war. She writes of the feeling of distrustRead MoreEssay on Shall we Dance718 Words   |  3 Pageshis association with the art of dancing was deemed shameful, and he had a good reason to believe that. Not only did he hear from Donny, a close friend and co-worker of Sugiyama who had practiced the art of dancing for 5 years, that dancing is a â€Å"Dirty lecher†, he also saw the banter reactions of his co-workers when they found out that Donny was dancing. To top it off, there was even a phrase said in the video suggesting that although this â€Å"shameful† dancing is not appropriate in the Japanese cultureRead MoreChina s Rise Of Power913 Words   |  4 PagesPetras firmly believes that this shameful past of the Chinese government is not one that will be repeated. He trusts that China is stable enough in their economy and interpersonal, as well as international, relationships that a violent rise to power is not necessary. China is the world’s largest manufacturer and exporter, while still keeping workers satisfied with increased wages and other popular demands (Petras). The argument whether China will repeat its violent history to achieve a spot as a worldRead MoreA Better Relationship Between Aboriginal And Non Aboriginal Community1542 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the aboriginal history in our area. In my first action, I chose to take a more personal act by showing a screening of The Rabbit-Proof Fence to my family. My brother, mother, grandma, grandfather and myself all gathered together in one room, after much persuasion on my part to my grandma, to watch Rabbit-Proof Fence. I chose this particular movie as it was a game changer to myself when learning about Aboriginal history in high school. To me learning about the Indigenous history as well as what theyRead MoreFemale Characters Of Women And Women Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Histories, women from various cultures are described as being different from one another, but no matter which culture is being described by Herodotus, it is clear that all women are seen as different from men. Men are superior to women in every respect. In fact, women are so inferior that female characters are rarely mentioned by Herodotus without being linked to a male character, because unlike stories about men, stories about women cannot s tand on their own. In the Histories there are manyRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Harriet Ann Jacobs904 Words   |  4 Pagesstudied and be understood by all current and future generations of Americans. Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave and Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl portray very different aspects of this shameful time in history. The life of a slave was not a static or universal lifestyle, and those held in bondage led extremely different lives. While much of this could be attributed to the region, work available, or specific plantations, the biggest difference

Annotated Bibliography Of The Heart Of Darkness - 1207 Words

Noel Guillen Mr.Nigro English 8/12/17 The Heart of Darkness and the Secret Sharer Annotated Bibliography Zeitler, Michael. â€Å"Isolation in Heart of Darkness.† Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature, 3-Volume Set, Facts on File, 2010. Blooms Literature, online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/Details/38721?q=heart of darkness. Accessed 30 Nov. 2017. Early in the narration of the heart of the darkness, it starts as Marlow the fellow sailor traveler that has an adventuress mindset but he is a very quiet and in his own mind. Marlow from the beginning he shows himself as an isolated figure and an outsider who is apart from the other seamen and even within the Nellie of the river he is a very sensitive observer and seems too distinct himself from among†¦show more content†¦Her belief is that the white men go to the regions to benefit upon the savages, but in his opinion, it’s the opposite, where the white men’s view is entirely wrong. His sense of isolation increases when he sees several areas in the Cong o. The areas display the failures of the white men’s control and the suffering of the so-called â€Å"savages†. He realizes that the cruelty present in the white man creates a barrier between him and the white men living in the Congo. ACHEBE, CHINUA. An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness. Massachusetts Review, vol. 57, no. 1, Spring2016, pp. 14-27. EBSCOhost, scsl.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=discusurl=http://search.ebscohost.com.scsl.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=truedb=lfhAN=114187095site=eds-livescope=site. Achebe discusses in the fall of 1974 a woman met a man and a professor that taught an English class. This awaked unknowingly man had a huge enthusiasm about the fact on how very young this woman was and if she was a student at the University of Massachusetts. The women replied with a no and with a response of she was a teacher and how she taught African literature. When the women told him that she taught this literature he was amazed by how someone else as him taught the same thing. After this encounter this man conveys to the women he would like to take her course maybe one day and she later receives letters from a few students from Yonkers New York asking about how they need toShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poes Sorrows1033 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 15, 1829 however, Edgar was discharged from the army. During that time he kept writing and published Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor problems in December of 1829. Al Aaraaf was said to be very difficult to comprehend and represented the darkness that existed in Poe’s life. His sadness and challenges that he faced since being orphaned was portrayed throughout the story. It expressed â€Å"disillusionment with the world and escape into some more congenial realm of dream or of the imagination† (MeltzerRead MoreSummary Of In A Lonely Place By Gregory Crewdson961 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography S. Jacqueline Nicolini Crewdson, Gregory. In a Lonely Place. Aperture, no. 190, Spring2008, pp. 78-89. Gregory Crewdson is a contemporary America fine art photographer. Crewdson is best known for his elaborately staged scenes built to perfection—down to the most minute detail— with the assistance of large production teams. Using small-town America as a backdrop, Crewdson creates hauntingly surreal images that show people in the moment of disconnect and isolation. In his essayRead MoreOthello: Admirable Leader but Poor Rationalist 966 Words   |  4 Pageswhere men speak truthfully to one another. Also, the given circumstances of state and warfare are rather straightforward; no one deceives Othello because as leader he should be esteemed. This one-dimensional view does not help him in issues of the heart though. Thus the main assessment of Othello must be that, even though he leads well and means well, he lacks sensible judgment and common wisdom. Evidently in his concluding two speeches, where Othello didn’t entirely understand the situation and notRead MoreElean or Roosevelt2144 Words   |  9 Pagesindividual whom would later be considered one of the world’s most influential women was born. Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York to her parents Anna Hall Roosevelt and Elliot Roosevelt. With her blue eyes and light brown hair, she would warm the heart of every individual she came across. She grew to be five feet and eleven inches, which to this day makes her the tallest first lady. With regards of being the first lady she never regarded herself as a V.I.P., however she demonstrated her status withRead MoreHinduism and Christianity3026 Words   |  13 PagesJohn 8:12, â€Å"I am the light of the world: he who follows me will not walk in darkness but have the light of life.† The Hindu scriptures paint a similar picture as the Mundaka Upanishad says that men are â€Å"living in the abyss of ignorance, yet wise in their own conceit, the deluded go round and round, like the blind led by the blind.† Like Christ, the leadin g Hindu incarnation of God, Krishna, declares â€Å"I destroy the darkness born of ignorance with the shining light of wisdom† (Bhagavad Gita). The

An Advertisement For Harley Davidson Insurance - 982 Words

An advertisement for Harley Davidson Insurance is found on page twenty-three of the 2015 HOG magazine Volume 32. In the advertisement a couple is seen standing by their Harley-Davidson motorcycle with the Rocky Mountains behind them in the distance. They are smiling toward each other with a look that they are enjoying their time together. Atmosphere for the advertisement is created by the couple appearing to be carefree while out for a ride on their motorcycle. Short focused word phrases are used in the advertisement to get the reader’s attention and help to pull a person into wanting to buy or look at the product. There are three different layers that can be seen in the advertisement. Those layers are the background, slogan, and main focus. Jib Fowles reveals basic appeals to advertising with a list of fifteen different tactics that are used (Fowles). Harley Davidson Insurance is using an advertisement strategy in their ad to emphasize the need to feel safe, by providing ins urance in a family atmosphere. The background paints the picture and the scenery for the advertisement. There are mountains in the distance that resemble the Rocky Mountains. Before the mountains begin to go to the top there is the woodland level with countless numbers of trees. The mountains have snow on the tops and are vaguely seen through the light clouds in the sky. The advertisement is in black and white, which shows that everything is calm and safe. Nothing is disturbed and the couple areShow MoreRelatedMarketing Case Studies1084 Words   |  5 Pagescustomers and cultivate strong customer relationships? 4. What are the pros and cons of database marketing? Video Title: Harley Davidson Link: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/bp/bp_akamai/kotler/Harley_Davidson.html Synopsis Harley Davidson is an established company that is known for its motorcycles. This video describes the unique brand relationship between Harley Davidson and the owners. It describes the brand loyalty and the value and satisfaction that it delivered to consumers for over oneRead MoreEssay about Harley-Davidson Inc.2902 Words   |  12 PagesHarley-Davidson Inc. Celebrating their 100th anniversary next year, Harley-Davidson is a true American success story. From their modest beginnings in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to one of the most recognized company names worldwide, they have been passionate about motorcycles. Harley offers an experience like none other with the one of a kind look, feel, and sound only available on a Harley. Besides their main business of building and selling motorcycles, they have began to offer financing and insuranceRead MoreHarley Davidson Posse Ride1923 Words   |  8 PagesBuilding Brand Community for Harley Davidson | Analysis on the basis of Attitude Formation | | | | Submitted To Prof. Krishanu Rakshit Submitted by: Pranav Santurkar Rakesh Mishra Akshay Mahajan Anjanjot Singh Vinay Kumar | The Harley Owners Group (HOG) The Harley Owners Group or HOG is a factory sponsored motorcycle enthusiast club established in 1983. Its main aim was to negate the influence of outlaw bike-gangs as the face of the Harley Davidson brand and enhance the lifestyleRead MoreEssay on Harley Davidson Marketing Plan6641 Words   |  27 PagesVI. Appendices and Supporting Information I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Harley-Davison motorcycle has been an American icon since the early 1900’s. They are known for producing high quality motorcycles and associated products; the company is renown for its customization of motorcycles. Distribution of Harley-Davidson motorcycles is accomplished through privately owned dealerships around the world. In addition, Harley-Davidson is also well known for their strong customer loyalty. This loyalty is shownRead MoreHarley Davidson: Women and Motorcycles2572 Words   |  11 PagesHarley-Davidson: Women and Motorcycles Introduction An American tradition can be dated back to 1903 when two young men brought their idea to life and produced the first Harley-Davidson motorcycle. At the time, the motor-driven motorcycle that these young men were inventing was to be for their own personal use. Once it was produced, it became popular with motorcycle enthusiast and having survived some difficult times Harley-Davidson is just as popular today, as it was when if first began (Bolfert)Read MoreHarley Davidson Case Study2678 Words   |  11 PagesEstablished in 1903, The Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company has travelled a somewhat rocky road to success. Saved from the brink of bankruptcy by a management buyout in 1981, Harley has succeeded in building a truly global brand that is the envy of its competitors. Faced with a declining market, a poor economic climate and fierce competition from Japanese manufacturers, the Harley-Davidson Company was forced to re-look at its competitive strategy. The essence of Harley-Davidsons success is rootedRead MoreHarley Davidson Case Analysis2919 Words   |  12 PagesHARLEY DAVIDSON COMPANY Case Analysis I. DEFINITION OF THE CASE PROBLEM The Harley Davidson name has been shattered into pieces. The loss of customer’s demand for their products proves a problem probably too much to handle for the present managers/owners of the company. The product quality mainly has deteriorated significantly that leads to the low demand for the Harley Davidson choppers. Problems always do arise that need immediate actions to take place. What canRead MoreCase Study - Harley Davidson4387 Words   |  18 PagesCase Study Harley Davidson Department of Marketing IV Prof. Dr. Florian Kraus University of Mannheim Fall term 2011 By: Veilleux, Jacques-Olivier-1345802- jveilleu@rumms.uni-mannheim.de Vela Loira, Valentin -1346667-vvelaloi@mail.uni-mannheim.de Viscosi, Jennifer - 1344990- jviscosi@mail.uni-mannheim.de Wang, Yi - 1326001 - yiwana@mail.uni-mannheim.de Wijma, Ludwig - 1346338 - lwijma@rumms.uni-mannheim.de Yip, Lu Yi - 1342949- luyiyip@gmail.com Mannheim, November 2011 Table ofRead MoreSubliminal Perception Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagessomething seemed different about the Harley Davidson advertisement that was in front of me. Although it was not clear to me at first, the word â€Å"Sex† became very noticeable to me. I believe that it is a long shot, that this may just be a coincidence. Beginning with the capital S, and going horizontal, lays the subconscious word. This print advertisement came from Maxim Magazine, and there is an abundance of previous information linking Maxim and Harley Davidson to Subliminal advertising. Read MoreHarley Davidson Industry Analysis Essay examples7030 Words   |  29 PagesCase 2 Industry Analysis Harley Davidson/ Heavy Weight Motorcycle Industry Table of Contents Mission †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-7 Sustainable Competitive Advantage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7-8 Issues and Problems †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8-9 Strategic Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9-13 Fallout †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13-15 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 Refrences

How the French Wars Affected Anglo-American Relations and Trade free essay sample

This paper is a study of Anglo-American relations following the War of Independence, and Frances role in keeping the two countries at odds. This essay examines how Anglo-American relations improved following the War of Independance, only to deteriorate again during the Napoleonic Wars. It contrasts British attempts to gain complete control of the sea to combat Napoleon, with U.S. attempts to break this control in order to increase her own foreign trade. Following the end of the War of Independence, relations between Britain and the United States slowly improved. Many felt that because of the shared language, religion and culture the two countries should work together, especially economically. This was especially true in Britain, where the ideas of Adam Smith were beginning to take hold, and free trade with America became an attractive idea. In the United States, Republicans still disliked the British, but the Federalists did not want to continue any rivalries and shared the British views on trade between the nations. We will write a custom essay sample on How the French Wars Affected Anglo-American Relations and Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Reforming the House of Lords

Question: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords? Answer: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords As compared to the House of Commons, the powers granted to the House of Lords are somewhat restricted. The result is that the political clout of the House of Lords is more due to tradition and convention. It has been claimed that the House of Lords does not have any influence on the bills related with government finance. Similarly, this house does not have any authority to stall the legislation of the Parliament for more than a year as the House of Commons can use the Parliament Act, 1949, legislation that was brought in by the Labour party for effectively removing the delaying privileges enjoyed by the House of Lords, to promptly defeat any motion. On the other hand, the House of Lords has the jurisdiction to veto any bill due to which the tenure in office of the government may be prolonged. Without a general election, a government can only continue for five years in office. As a result the House of Lords can block a move initiated by the House of Commons to extend the tenure of a government beyond their legal term. However it is worth mentioning that practically this power has not been used by the House of Lords. The House of Lords also makes valuable contribution for the purpose of improving the quality of legislation and the Parliament. More than half the time of the chambers is devoted for the revision of the bills introduced in the House of Commons. For instance, during the last parliamentary session, 7,259 amendments were tabled by the House of Lords to the draft bills out of which 2,625 amendments have been acknowledged by the House of Commons. Another instance of these amendments is the Counter Terrorism Bill. In this legislation, the plans to revise the period of time have been introduced for which the terrorism suspects can be detained by the law enforcement agencies in custody without a charge. However this proposal faced rejection by a majority of 192. The House of Lords also enjoys the capability to devote its time for involving in in-depth examination of the proposed bills. Such a situation permits the House of Commons to dedicate its efforts on activities like MP constituency responsibilities and other related issues. As a result, several of the most thorough and significant amendments have been introduced by the House of Lords. Some experts have even gone to the extent of claiming that the House of Commons abuses the time and expertise of the House of Lords as it has to rework the incompetently contrived bills. When it comes to the Private Members Bills, the House of Lords has equal powers. In simple words, as is the case with the House of Commons, House of Lords also has the authority to out rightly decline these bills. For example Lord Joffe proposed the Bill in 2005 in which assisted suicide has been proposed to be legalized for the terminally ill persons. It was proposed in this bill that discretion should be provided to the doctors to prescribe a fatal blow of medication to the patients. But this bill has to face severe opposition on moral grounds and subsequently it was defeated. As is the case with the House of Commons, the Lords also enjoys the protection provided by parliamentary privilege. The meaning of this situation is that the chamber has been exempted from libel allegations and as a result it allows liberty of speech to the peers in the Parliament. Apart from the legislative procedures, a significant role is played by the House of Lords for analyzing the actions of the Parliament. This scrutiny takes place in the form of the questions that are asked to the ministers as well as the debates taking place in the Parliament and the committee work. However, the House of Lords does not have an equivalent of the Questions Time available in the House of Commons. In place of it, the House of Lords allocates time at the start of the session for each day when the Lords can ask questions to the ministers. The debates that take place in the chambers also reveal a diverse membership present in the House of Lords. Generally it is said that these debates are more civil than the debates taking place in the House of Commons. Moreover, although it is still present but party allegiance does not have the same weight in the House of Lords. The content of the issues that are debated in the House of Lords are much more denigrated and comprehensive as compared to those in the House of Commons. The reason behind it can be the caliber of the representatives that are present in the House of Lords. Therefore the House of Lords regularly sees debates on issues like the present economic condition in the UK to the state of armed forces. The House of Lords can also boast of several committees that have gained international acclaim for their knowledge. The well-known European Communities Committee enjoys high esteem and it also complements the less detailed studies that are conducted by its counterpart in the House of Commons. In the same way, the Science and Technology Committee that was founded in 1979 came up with a detailed report on e-crime in 2007. This review evaluated the role played by the Internet in the rising crime and it also highlighted the perils of online depravity. This committee gives advice to the government regarding the preventive measures that have to be taken to deal with this problem. Similarly, the Lords Constitution Committee came up with the reporting 2005 in which the potential introduction of ID cards was discussed and the findings of this committee was that may threaten the harmony that existed between state and citizen. The judicial powers enjoyed by the House of Lords have been removed with the introduction of Constitutional Reforms Act, 2005. Before this decision came into practice, it was considered the House of Lords was the uppermost court in the UK. Traditionally it was considered as the court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases. The Law Lords had the responsibility to administer justice as they were the highest ranking judges of the country. But after the establishment of the new Supreme Court in the United Kingdom, effectively the judicial role played by the Lords had been rendered void. The Liberal government of Tony Blair came to power in 1997. Immediately it declared that the House of Lords will be made more representative and democratic. In that time, the House of Lords comprise life peers who were honored with a seat in the House as a result of their exceptional attainment in their respective fields and the traditional hereditary peers who achieved the position through birth. As a result of the huge prevalence of Conservative supporters in the hereditary peers before 1999, there was an ingrown conservative majority in the House of Lords. The manifesto commitment made by the Labour Party in 1997 was thought to be fulfilled with the introduction of House of Lords Act, 1999. This legislation sought to remove the right of the hereditary peers to sit in the House and vote. The result of this legislation was to remove the membership of more than 600 hereditary peers. The result was that a greater equality was created between the Conservatives and the Labour, due to wh ich the balance was held by the cross benches and the Liberal Democrats. It also ended the situation where a single party dominated the House. The changes that took place in the composition of House of Lords can be seen when the membership of the House of Lords in January 1999 is compared with that of November 2009. The situation in January 1999, before the ratification of the Act was that because the conservatives had 473 peers present in the House of Lords. But this changed dramatically and in November 2009, only 190 active Conservative peers were present in the second chamber. In comparison, in 1999, there were 168 Labour peers in the House. But this figure witnessed an increase to 2012 by November 2009. This remains the close parity that is now present between the Labour and the Conservative peers. On the other hand, the number of Liberal Democrat peers had remained the same. There were 67 peers of the party in 1999 and this figure saw a marginal increase to 71 in 2009. By removing the hereditary peers, there was also a considerable drop in cross bench peers. While in 1999, 310 were working in the House but this number abridged to 183 by 2009. There has been an alteration in the composition of the House of Lords due to the rising number of light peers that are derived from common social standing. As compared to the hereditary peers, who traditionally came from the upper class backgrounds, the light peers offered much more socially representative alternative. But at this point it needs to be noted that despite this discrepancy, still there are certain class issues. For the purpose of offering a life peerage, generally the recipient should have achieved something of a particular repute in its field. As a result by the time life peerage is granted, the chances are that the individual will be having an upper-class social standing. This in turn, rigorously restricts the probability of the House of Lords to become more socially representative in the UK. Due to the conditions of House of Lords Act, 1999, there has been an increase in the role played by the women in the House. While during 1990s, there were 80 women who held peerage in the House of Lords, the situation changed significantly and by 2009, in view of the changing composition, 148 women were present in the House of Lords as sitting peers. This remains an increase from 7% of the membership to 20% of the membership in less than two decades. It is evident that at present the House of Lords is diverse from the one that was present before the Labour Party acquired power in 1997. The composition of the House has been altered significantly. From being a conservative stronghold during the pre-reform era, now the House promotes much more equal representation of gender, social status and political allegiance. At the same time, there are a large number of members who are life peers and not hereditary peers. In order to make the Lords more representative of the society, it has been suggested that the hereditary peers should be removed completely. This had been designed with a view to strengthen the mood for a second chamber that is purely based on appointment. The main idea behind these proposals is to create a more representative chamber that is based on the votes that are required by a particular political party during the previous general elections. For this purpose, wide-ranging reforms have been proposed for the House of Lords. In theory, it has been anticipated by the government that by successfully implementing and are appointed second chamber, there will be space for introducing more basic changes to be made so that the position of the Lords can be stabilized in the Parliament. At the same time, it was also planned by the government that a wider program of constitutional changes should be introduced in the House. This completely relied on the triumph of the reforms mentioned abov e in making sure that the House of Lords upheld its legitimacy. In this regard, many experts have claimed that the reforms introduced in the House of Lords in 1999 have significantly changed the House of Lords for better. On the other hand there are many persons who argue against this. Ultimately the Labour Government failed in its promise to deliver a fully elected second chamber of the Parliament. The House of Commons voted in favor of the reforms in 2007, resulting in 100 percent or 80 percent elected second chamber of the Parliament. However the House of Lords out rightly rejected this proposal. Although the various governments have insisted that the reforms will be pushed through by using the will of the House of Commons, since then many years have passed and the squabbling between the two houses has been going on. An unelected second chamber of the Parliament that has no direct link with the people raises questions regarding its legitimacy. There is overwhelming public favor regarding the reform of Lords and a large number of people are in favor of a entirely elected chamber. It can be argued that as compared to the last century, much change has been seen by the House of Lords regarding its composition and the use of its powers. While the House of Lords Act, 1999 took away the hereditary title of succession to peerage, the significance of the House of Lords has also been reduced significantly by the Constitutional Reform Act, 2005 as a legislative and judicial body. Among the recommendations that can be made in this regard, despite the unrepresentative and undemocratic nature of the House of Lords, it is okay to recommend that the House had played an important role in the British Constitution, in the scrutiny of the Bills passed by the House of Commons and also in the secluded me of EU legislation. It is widely recognized that this includes the procedures that are adopted in the House of Lords are among the most effective procedures in the Community. In the 1968 by favor, it has been proposed that a two-tier House comprising of voting as well as non-voting members should be present. But at the same time, there has been a proposal in favor of a fully elected second chamber of Parliament. But in this regard it also needs to be noted that such a House may become biased because electing the members may result in political turmoil. An Upper House has also been proposed by the Wakeham Commission which will be mainly nominated but partly elected also. In such a case, issues may arise regarding the procedure of election and in the response of the government to the Report, this issue has been highlighted. It can also be stated in this regard that by introducing some elected members to the house, there may be the creation of two classes of members in the House. It can be considered in such a case that the elected members have greater democratic authority and legitimacy as compared to the appointed members. In case the second Chamber was going to be elected, it may become another political battleground or a carbon copy chamber which will appear to be unnecessary and in such a case, the House of Lords will ultimately become redundant in its form as a constitutional body. It is due to this conflict of interest representing party political deficit of two elected Chambers. On the other hand, there had been suggestions that the elections for the House of Lords can take place at a dissimilar time from the general elections so that the composition of the House may be altered. Similarly the issue of political patronage has also been raised, maintaining the idea of minority elected second chamber of the Parliament. In this case, out of the 600 members, 120 could be elected. But these proposals were not considered to be effective by the House of Commons and also by the House of Lords. According to a recent proposal mentioned in the white paper of 2007, a suggestion has been made in favor of a hybrid House in which case the House of Commons will not be replicated or challenged. The issue of reforms in Lords is a matter that has remained on the political outline for the last several years. In this regard, a number of proposals have been made. A large number of people are in favor of having a hybrid House. On the other hand, some persons argued that a new body should be created, which should not have the legislative functions of the House of Lords. It should perform an advisory role and in this way, the issue of democracy will be alleviated. Even if this type of proposal appears to be too radical but it can be stated that the important functions' being performed by the House of Lords will remain. Similarly, in some other proposals related with the reforms to be introduced in the House of Lords, it has been suggested that a select committee should be given the power to nominate candidates for membership. Hence, it can be said that there is a need for maintaining balance amid the democratic nature of the House of Lords and the legislative authority enjoyed by it. In this regard the proposals made by 2007 White Paper and the Wakeham Report can be enhanced. It can also be said in this context that the reform of the House of Lords has been somewhat exhausted as the only other proposition is that of a fully elected chamber although it is not very favorable and unlikely to take place. Still it appears that the proposals of creating a new body that is organized on the basis of popular bases instead of heredity appear to be more desirable, still if such a proposal will see fulfillment is an issue in its own entirety. References W Bradley and K D Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 15th Edition, Pearson Longman 2010 Direct Gov Website: https://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Hilaire Barnett, Constitutional and Administrative Law. 9th Edition, Routledge 2011 Jones, B. Kavanagh, D. Moran, M. and Norton, P. (2007), Politics UK, 6th Edition Meg Russell. House of Lords Reform Since 1911: Must THe Lords Go? (2012) 35 West European Politics 701 Norton, P. (2005), Parliament in British Politics P Wintour and N Watt 'David Cameron to appoint more Tory peers to the House of Lords' The Guardian London, 28 July, 2015 Russell, M. (2000), Reforming the House of Lords: Lessons from Overseas The Works of the House of Lords: https://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/HoLwork.pdf UK Parliament Website: https://www.parliament.uk/index.cfm